Nanofluid heat transfer and applications

Abstract

Keywords: Nanoparticles; nanofluid; heat transfer; convection; heat pipes; thermal conductivity; refrigerants

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All the nanofluid studies reported in the literature have concluded that nanofluids provide higher heat transfer enhancement with respect to the base fluids; and the nanofluids have higher heat transfer coefficients than those of the basefluids at the same Reynolds number. In the recent past, most of the convective heat transfer studies have been performed in nanofluids with only oxide nanoparticles. Moreover, Maiga et al [18] reported that, with regard to the nanofluid thermal properties, the actual amount of experimental data available in the literature remains surprisingly small. However, only very few work has been reported on the hydrodynamic and heat transfer behavior of nanofluids in the laminar, transition and the turbulent regimes with pure metal nanoparticles such as silver, copper, gold and graphene with different volume concentrations probably less than one volume percentage (< 1 %). Hence, more investigations on the convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop characteristics of a nanofluid suspended with metallic nanoparticles with low volume concentration is essential for developing the new advanced heat transfer fluid. The use of nanofluids in a wide variety of applications appears promising. But the development of the field is hindered by (i) the lack of agreement of the results obtained by different researchers; (ii) poor characterization of suspensions; and (iii) lack of theoretical understanding of the mechanisms responsible for changes in properties. This article, therefore, concludes by outlining several important issues that should receive greater attention in the near future. Further experimental studies in the convective heat transfer of nanofluids are needed in the following areas. 1. Future convective studies must be performed with metallic nanoparticles with different geometries and concentrations to

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